A field that didn’t even exist 20 years back,Data Science as a field is turning many heads in the technology and business spaces.
Big Data, Data Analytics, Machine Learning and Data Science are the big buzzwords doing the round these days and you are bound to have heard them at least once. So what is all this hype about? What are the differences between them? And is Data Science a viable career option in India?
So let’s first understand what these fields are all about and then delve into the career opportunities, path and the skills required to be successful in this domain.
What is Data Science?
Data Science is a broad field that has data at its core, as the name suggests. This data is accumulated, arranged and analysed to examine its effect on businesses. Data scientists choose and build appropriate algorithms and models to analyze data better and uncover insights from it.
Netflix’s use of viewership data to give better movie recommendations, and Facebook’s use of past interactions to give more targetted ads to users, are all examples of data being put to use to gain a deeper level of understanding.
In this way, Data scientists are like detectives, finding patterns out of data to help businesses make smarter decisions.
They also help create the algorithms behind products and websites that make use of huge amounts of data to make recommendations. For example, Google Maps estimates your ETA based on huge amounts of data accumulated from other people on the same route using the app.
Data Scientists convert raw data into valuable information for businesses. For this, they possess knowledge in many different areas including software development, data munging, databases, mathematics, statistics, machine learning and data visualization.
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What is the Difference Between Data Science, Big Data and Data Analytics?
Since all three terms deal with the word ‘data’, there is a lot of confusion surrounding them. Most people are not aware that they are not the same, and there are many differences between the three different terms.
- Data Science is a science or study of data, and involves creating algorithms and models to extract knowledge from data.
- Big Data is basically a term that describes large amounts of data. It is not a field in itself, but the analysis of big data is used in many different fields and to make better decisions by businesses.
- Data Analytics refers to the analysis of data for drawing conclusions out of it. It is mainly used by businesses to make strategic decisions and solve problems.
Thus, in simpler terms, data scientists build the tools and algorithms that can be used to make sense of data, including big data. For this, they utilise technology, machine learning and mathematical principles.
On the other hand, data analysts apply these models to analyse business data of all kinds to help make smarter business decisions. Even the use of excel by businesses falls under the purview of data analysis. A big data analyst would just utilise large amounts of data, that cannot be processed by traditional tools like Excel.
What is the Demand for a Career in Data Science?
Data is everywhere. From the votes we give in political elections to the pictures we upload on Instagram, everything is data. Reports estimate that approximately 328.77 million terabytes of data are created each day
With so much data and information available, organizations are focusing more and more on using the insights from this data to evaluate progress, build solutions and make decisions.
And it is not just a global phenomenon. It is not surprising then that Data Science is being called the ‘hottest job of the 21st century’. It is making its presence felt everywhere, and according to McKinsey & Company, Big data will become a key basis of competition, underpinning new waves of productivity growth, innovation, and consumer surplus.Even India is witnessing a surge of opportunities in Data Science and Data Analytics.
How to Start a Career in Data Science in India?
Due to its multi-disciplinary nature, Data Science requires you to have a broad set of skills, including knowledge of Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science and Hacking/Coding, coupled with substantial expertise in business or a field of science. Knowledge about the concepts of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are also beneficial.
Thus, to build a career as a Data Scientist, degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Economics, Engineering, Computer Science, etc. can help form a good base.
For Under-graduation, you could pursue a undergraduate degree in business analytics, big data, data science, or any of the other fields like Mathematics, Statistics, Economics, Computer Science, etc.
Some Top UG Institutes to Build a Career in Data Science/ Data Analytics:
- Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Multiple locations
Course: B.Stat Hons., B.Math Hons., B Statistical Data science (Hons.)
- Delhi University (Various colleges)
Course: B.Sc Maths Hons., B.Sc Statistics Hons., B.A Economics Hons., B.Sc. Computer Science Hons., etc.
- IIT Kanpur
Course: B.Tech (various branches), B.S. in Mathematics and Scientific Computing
- IIT Bombay
Course: 5-year M.Sc. program in Mathematics
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Multiple locations
Course: BS-MS program in Math and BS program in Economics
Some Top PG Institutes to Build a Career in Data Science/ Data Analytics
- Indian School of Business (ISB), Hyderabad
Course: Certificate in Business Analytics (CBA)
- IIM Bangalore
Course: Program in Business Analytics and Intelligence
- IIM Calcutta
Course: Executive Program in Business Analytics
- IIT Kharagpur (ISI, IIT Kharagpur and IIM Calcutta joint program)
Course: Post Graduate Diploma in Business Analytics (Pgdba)
- IIM Lucknow
Course: Certificate program in business analytics for executives (CPBAE)
- Upgrad, IIT Bombay
Course: PG Diploma in Business Analytics
- S.P Jain School of Global Management
Course: Certificate Program in Big Data and Analytics (BDAP)
- Aegis School of Business
Course: Post Graduate Program In Business Analytics & Big Data
- Great Lakes Institute of Management
Course: Post Graduate Program in Business Analytics
Some Leading Global Universities for Data Science/Data Analytics
- Carnegie Mellon University, United States
Course: Master of Information Systems Management: Business Intelligence & Data Analytics; MS in Computational Data Science.
- Texas A&M University, United States
Course: M.S in Analytics
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
Course: M.S in Analytics
- Imperial College, London
Course: M.Sc in Business Analytics. M.Sc in Computing (Machine Learning)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Course: Master of Business Analytics
- University College London, United Kingdom
Course: M.Sc Data Science (Specializations in statistics, Machine learning, etc); M.Sc in Business Analytics.
While degrees can help you enter the fields or form a base, there are many good online learning platforms that offer certifications in data science, as well as specific skills required for it. These can prove really useful for entering the field and being successful in it.
What Skills are Needed to Be a Data Scientist?
- Basic use of statistical tools and fast mathematical calculations
- Ability to work with large numbers and calculations
- Good grasp of programming languages like Java, Perl, C/C++, Python, etc.
- Extensive knowledge of data analytics software like SAS, R, Hadoop and Tableau.
- Familiarity with SQL database techniques.
- Critical reasoning skills and problem-solving ability
- Data visualization and communication ability
What are the Career Opportunities in Data Science?
There are different types of roles available within the domain of Data Science. The most prominent ones include:
Data Scientist
This is the core analytics part of big data. Data scientists are involved in understanding and exploring data patterns, in order to analyze the impact on businesses. They apply statistical and mathematical models to simplify data. Along with analyzing data, they also devise solutions for various data complexities.
Data Engineer
This role is majorly for all software engineers, who are involved in the non-analytical part of big data. Their work role is more focused on coding, cleaning up data sets, and implementing suggestions and data solutions that come from data scientists.
Business Intelligence Professional
A business intelligence specialist is involved in the market research of various structured and unstructured data and generates reports to analyze the business trends. They are trained to work on SQL and other statistical tools. They send these reports to the management and update the data models as and when required.
Data Manager
Also sometimes known as Database Administrators, are involved in the structuring of data and management of unstructured data. They are responsible for creating the infrastructure and database systems that meet the needs of research and data science teams for the information gathered. They also review data for inconsistencies and conduct maintenance of data.
Data Analyst
Data analysts, as I previously suggested, help make sense of large amounts of data, specifically for use by businesses. They work with SQL databases, Excel, Tableau and other software to analyse various kinds of data (e.g. website traffic, sales figures, operational costs, etc.). They then create reports to be used to create solutions and make strategic decisions.
Apart from these, many other specialised roles in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data are also coming up. All in all, a data scientist can be a programmer, product developer, analyst and statistician, all rolled into one.
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So I hope this article helps you gain a direction to start your career in Data Science. Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data are the next big thing are going to be huge in the coming years. I hope this article gives you direction to start your career in any of these disruptive fields!
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