Space exploration is no longer limited to a few countries. India has successfully sent missions to Mars and the Moon, and now ISRO is preparing to send Indian astronauts to space through the Gaganyaan program. The Gaganyaan program aims to launch Indian astronauts into low Earth orbit aboard an Indian spacecraft. This creates exciting opportunities for students wondering how to become an astronaut in India after 12th grade.
This guide explains what to study to become an astronaut, the types of astronaut roles available, and how this career is becoming a real option for Indians. It covers every step from education and training to the paths leading to space.
What Does an Astronaut Do?
Before we have a look at how to become an astronaut in India, let’s understand what astronauts actually do. Astronauts are trained professionals who travel to space to conduct scientific experiments, maintain spacecraft, and conduct research in microgravity environments. They work on space stations, conduct research, and help advance our understanding of space.
Different astronaut jobs include research scientists who study space conditions, pilots who fly spacecraft, engineers who conduct repairs and maintenance on spacecraft systems, mission specialists who perform specific tasks, and commanders who lead space missions.
How to Become an Astronaut in India After 12th
Here’s how Indian students can pursue an astronaut career after Class 12:
Step 1: Choose the Right Stream
Start with the Science stream in 12th grade with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology (optional but helpful).
Step 2: Get a Bachelor’s Degree
If you’re wondering what to study to become an astronaut, focus on courses like Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical or Electrical Engineering, Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, and even Biology or Life Sciences. These fields build the technical and scientific foundation that space agencies look for in candidates.
Step 3: Gain Relevant Experience
- Work in aerospace companies like ISRO, HAL, or private space companies
- Gain flight experience, being a pilot or test pilot (military or civilian) can strengthen your application
- Work in research institutions
Requirements to Become an Astronaut in India
To become an astronaut in India, candidates must meet a strict set of educational, physical, and technical standards defined by ISRO under programmes like Gaganyaan. While the current crew selections have been limited to experienced Indian Air Force test pilots, ISRO has signalled that future missions may include civilian specialists as well.
The key requirements include:
Educational Background:
A degree in science or engineering is essential. ISRO Chief S. Somanath stated that astronauts are expected to have a strong understanding of engineering, mathematics, astronautics, and mechanics.
Nationality:
Applicants must be Indian citizens.
Physical and Medical Fitness:
Candidates undergo intensive medical screenings that assess:
- Cardiovascular and respiratory health
- Vision and anthropometric parameters
- Psychological stability
What Do I Need to Study to Become an Astronaut?
There is no fixed academic path to becoming an astronaut, but a strong foundation in STEM subjects is essential. Most astronauts hold degrees in engineering, physical sciences, biological sciences, computer science, or mathematics. Practical experience in technical or research-based roles, especially those requiring problem-solving under pressure, also adds value.
The core subjects to focus on include:
- Advanced Mathematics
- Physics (especially mechanics and thermodynamics)
- Chemistry
- Computer Programming
- Statistics
In addition, there are specialisation areas such as:
- Aerospace Engineering principles
- Space technology
- Robotics
- Life support systems
- Navigation and control systems
- Telecommunications and Signal Processing
- Material Science
- Human Physiology
Astronaut Career Information in India
In India, astronaut careers are now limited to Indian Air Force pilots chosen to fly in the Gaganyaan mission, who received their initial training in the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. At present, ISRO has not issued any official statements about the selection of civilian astronauts for the Gaganyaan mission.
The astronaut training programme includes spacecraft systems, survival methods, and physical preparation. Additionally, the human spaceflight programme is undergoing expansion with more missions scheduled to take place, but civilian roles remain to be confirmed.
Astronaut Jobs in Space – What to Expect
Daily Tasks in Space:
- Inspecting and maintaining spacecraft equipment and systems
- Executing scheduled scientific experiments
- Monitoring environmental control, such as air and water quality
- Coordinating with the crew and mission control for task planning
- Logging data and recording observations from experiments
Mission Duration:
- Short missions: A few days to weeks
- Long missions: Several months
Alternative Career Paths
If becoming an astronaut seems challenging, consider these related careers:
- Aerospace engineer at ISRO
- Mission control specialist
- Spacecraft designer
- Space research scientist
- Satellite operations engineer
Steps to Start Your Journey as an Astronaut
For High School Students:
- Focus on science and math subjects and maintain excellent grades
- Participate in science competitions
For College Students:
- Choose engineering or science majors
- Participate in research projects
- Apply for internships at ISRO or aerospace companies (opportunities may be limited)
- Learn additional skills like programming
- Network with professionals in the field
For Working Professionals:
- Gain relevant work experience
- Consider additional certifications
- Stay updated with space technology
Conclusion
Becoming an astronaut in India is possible through planning, commitment, and hard work. Regardless of whether you are just completing your 12th standard or are already in a related profession, having clear information on what to study to become an astronaut and taking the correct academic and career steps can help you get into organisations such as ISRO or work on space missions. Even if you do not become an astronaut, a career in the space sector can be extremely rewarding and help India to continue its expanding role in space exploration.
